因為這次準備三月考試時我還在德勤實習,正好是審計的忙季,所以時間比較緊張。整個備考的時間是四周,工作日每天半小時至一個半小時,休息日每天6小時。用到最主要的材料是2013年后的所有真題。

通過看近幾年的真題,可以發(fā)現P7出題的套路幾乎不變。Q1 35分,考查的是在計劃階段,分析business risk,audit risk以及對應的audit procedures/audit evidence/additional information,也會在這里考ethics相關的內容,Q1還有4分的格式分,開頭都是一樣的套路,看兩份真題就知道了,這樣就有一分,另外小標題和分點寫清楚,就能拿到這4分的格式分,不要忽略這4分,也許你離pass就差這幾分;Q2 25分、Q3 20分,這兩道題一般是考其他鑒證業(yè)務和復核工作底稿;Q4 20分,出題的種類就多了,比如quality control、ethics、current issues;Q5 20分,考report。

根據以上,我先整理了自己需要學習的內容:

audit risk——IAS&IFRS準則

ethics——所有ethics出問題的情況以及對應的safeguards

其他鑒證業(yè)務——PFI、FA、AUP、CSR review、DD

audit evidence——整理普適的答案

audit report——結合考官文章The new auditor’s report和Going concern整理4種情況下不同的report內容

current issues——看兩篇時間較近的考官文章(Auditing disclosures in financial statements和Corporate governance and its impact on audit practice)

others——幾個重要的知識點(ISA250、ISA240、component auditors)

下面詳細說說我分別準備了哪些內容。

首先是audit risk這類問題,需要掌握IAS&IFRS準則,回答這類題目,我首先會計算materiality,再寫case中的情況,聯系準則中正確的處理方式,最后寫如果不按準則的處理方式來會帶來怎樣的影響。Audit risk除了準則的處理有問題,還包括new client帶來的風險,剛變成listed company帶來的風險等等。

下面是真題中涉及到的準則號:

IAS 1 Presentation of F/S

IAS 2 Inventory

IAS 7 Statement of cash flow

IAS 8 Accounting policies,changes in accounting estimates and errors

IAS 10 Events after reporting date

IAS 16 PPE

IAS 17 Leases

IAS 20 Accounting for governance grants and disclosure of governance assistances

IAS 21 The effects of changes in foreign exchange rates

IAS 24 Related party disclosures

IAS 28 Investments in associates and joint ventures

IAS 32 Financial Instruments:Presentation

IAS 33 Earning per share

IAS 36 Impairment of assets

IAS 37 Provisions,contingent liabilities and contingent assets

IAS 38 Intangible assets

IAS 40 Investment property

IFRS 2 share-based payment

IFRS 3 Business combination

IFRS 5 NCA held for sale and discontinued operations

IFRS 7 Financial Instruments:disclosures

IFRS 8 Operating segments

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments

IFRS 10 Consolidated financial statements

IFRS 15 Revenue from contracts with customers

道德問題算是比較簡單的,因為在F8、P1里都已經學過了,這里相當于是復習。根據歷年真題,我整理了下面一些ethic出問題的情況:

特殊行業(yè)帶來component不足

前任審計辭職

Risk&Fee

審計師提business advice

attend meeting with company’s bank

威脅不給去年的審計費

provide non-assurance service

去年working paper中有錯誤聯想到審計的quality control

investor和investee都是firm的客戶帶來的conflict of interest

business opportunity

guarantee the bank loan

same senior personnel

client之前的員工在firm里

client之前的員工現在在firm里并且持有原公司的股票

cross-selling non-audit service

temporary staff assignment

provide recruitment service

這里只是把道德出現問題的情況拎出來了,我自己整理的時候,每種情況對應帶來的哪種道德風險以及safeguards都會寫出來。

其他鑒證業(yè)務,我主要掌握了AUP的定義、DD的benefits、在接受PFI業(yè)務時需要的考慮的matters、怎樣planning a forensic investigation、difficulties in measuring and reporting on CSR等。

下面是我根據真題答案整理的幾個幾乎可以用到所有答案中的audit evidence/audit procedures/additional information:

Review the notes to F/S to confirm that sufficient disclosure has been made in accordance with applicable financial framework

Review the board minutes to confirm the transaction has been appropriately authorised

A copy of any contracts or other documentation pertaining to…review of its terms and conditions

Agree proceeds received to legal documentation and to cash book/bank statement

獲得written representatives,尤其是涉及到主觀判斷的信息

Post-year review/check

Minutes of a discussion with management regarding……including……

A schedule showing adjustment regarding

Recalculation

Audit report就如同我開始所說那么去整理,首先是一份完整的audit report的順序、KAM的定義、KAM的決定因素、用到material uncertainty related to going concern paragraph的情況以及用到emphasis of matter、other matter和except for的情況以及內容,最后還有怎么處理那些uncorrected misstatements,我自己整理的是這樣:

我備考P7的過程完全是結果導向型的,看考試考什么,我再有的放矢學什么。但是自己梳理知識點的這個過程對于每個ACCAer來說都是比較重要的,希望大家都能順利通過P7!

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