Mintzberg believes that all organisations can be analysed into five components, according to how they relate to the work of the organisation, and how they prefer to co-ordinate.

The relative influence of these elements to one another have a significant impact on the nature of the organisation. Mintzberg asserts that each element will have a preferred means of coordination.

明茨伯格堅信所有的組織都可以被分為這5個要素。這些要素相互影響，相輔相成，相親相愛。并且，每個元素都有一個協(xié)調(diào)的最佳方案。

例如，strategic apex將試圖通過直接監(jiān)督來協(xié)調(diào)，這在小企業(yè)中特別有效。Middle line尋求標準化地輸出，而technostructure試圖建立標準化的工作流程，經(jīng)營核心則在標準化的技巧下功夫。

For example, the strategic apex will attempt to coordinate through direct supervision, and will be especially important in smaller organisations with simpler structures. The middle line seeks to standardise outputs, while the technostructure attempts to standardise work processes. The operating core will try to standardise skills.

在BPP教材的B部分第5章詳細說明了這些相關知識點，并詳細列舉了以下幾類組織結(jié)構(gòu)，并在P3會在有所延伸。

Organisations can be departmentalised on ：

a functional basis (with separate departments for production, marketing, finance, etc),

a geographical basis (by region or country),

a product basis (eg worldwide divisions for product X, Y, etc),

a brand basis,

a matrix basis (eg someone selling product X in country A would report to both a product X manager and a country A manager).

Organisation structures often feature a variety of these types, as hybrid structures.

考試題型

背誦款：

Which of the following terms is not used by Mintzberg in his description of organisational structure?

A Strategic apex

B Support base

C Technostructure

D Operating core

簡單分析款：

P is a firm of accountants, which prepares financial statements for its customers. According to Mintzberg’s organizational model, the junior accountants who prepare customer financial statements would be classified within which of the following building blocks?

A Operating core

B Technostructure

C Middle line

D Support staff

分析：會計助理（junior accountants）是基礎崗位，所以為Operating core。

延伸：如果是外部審計師（auditors）或者會計師事務所提供的專業(yè)財務咨詢服務（financial consult），則是Technostructure；如果是企業(yè)內(nèi)部的總會計師或者財務總監(jiān)，則是Middle line。